Diabetes is a complex condition that affects millions worldwide, impacting daily lives. It arises from both genetic and lifestyle factors, raising questions about the likelihood of it being passed from parent to child. Here, we discuss the answer to this common concern.

Is Diabetes Hereditary? How Is It Passed Down?

What Causes Diabetes?

Diabetes is a group of disorders related to insulin function, the hormone regulating blood sugar. There are two main types:

• Type 1 Diabetes: Caused by the immune system attacking insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin.
• Type 2 Diabetes: The body cannot use insulin effectively, or insulin production is insufficient. This is more common in older adults and people with excess weight. Additionally, some women experience Gestational Diabetes during pregnancy, though it usually resolves after childbirth.

Is Diabetes Genetic?

Diabetes and genetics are closely related, particularly Type 2 diabetes, which has strong links to certain genes and lifestyle factors. Children are more likely to develop diabetes if they have a parent or close relative with the disease. For example, the TCF7L2 gene can influence blood sugar control, increasing diabetes risk.

While Type 1 diabetes has a lower genetic correlation, children with a family history of Type 1 diabetes still face some risk.

Genetic Risk of Diabetes

Studies show a genetic predisposition to diabetes based on family history:

American Diabetes Association (ADA): Reports that children have a 1 in 10 chance of developing Type 1 diabetes if a parent has it. Environmental and immune factors also contribute to its onset.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): States that if both parents have Type 2 diabetes, their child’s risk may exceed 70%, depending on genetics and lifestyle factors like diet and body weight.

Although genetics play a role, lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and stress management also significantly affect diabetes risk.

Diabetes Statistics in Thailand

In Thailand, diabetes cases increase annually. Dr. Direk Khampan, Deputy Director of the Department of Disease Control, reported that in 2023 alone, new diabetes cases surged by 300,000 from the previous year.

Reducing Diabetes Risk

Even with genetic predisposition, lifestyle adjustments can lower diabetes risk:

• Healthy Eating: Limit high-sugar and high-fat foods.
• Regular Exercise: Helps manage weight and blood sugar levels.
• Stress Management: Chronic stress can raise blood sugar levels.
• Regular Health Checks: Early diagnosis enables timely prevention.

In summary, diabetes has genetic ties, but lifestyle choices greatly influence risk. Children with diabetic parents may face a higher risk, but through genetic testing and lifestyle changes, they can effectively manage and reduce their chances of developing diabetes.